History of Pole Dancing Essay

Pole dancing is a combination of dance and gymnastics that is an increasingly popular form of fitness and dance. Pole dancers use a vertical pole which is either static or spinning, and train in gyms or dedicated dance studios. It’s no secret that pole dancing really started in the strip clubs. But it has evolved into so much more and pole dancing fitness enthusiasts and schools have been working tirelessly to change the perception to one of a legitimate dance style emphasising the acrobatics and strength. Circus influences such as Chinese pole and other aerial arts have helped along the way, moving it away from the erotic environment. Competitions are usually non-sexual and are judged on tricks and transitions rather than sensuality. Rather than just the gyrating and grinding people expect it to be, pole dancing requires an amazing amount of strength, flexibility and cardiovascular endurance, even a five minute routine is extremely tiring! Obviously in clubs, rather than actual tricks, there is a lot of floor-work and other things that are designed to arouse rather than amaze! Pole dancers use upper body and core strength are the most obvious requirements as there are a lot of climbs, spins and inverting the body weight – it often involves a lot of training to get anywhere near an advanced level. Pole dancing as we see it today originated during the depression in America. The traveling entertainment and carnival troupes would go from town to town. In one of the side tents aside from the main show, girls would dance suggestively on a small stage in front of crowds of cheering men. Sound familiar? Pole dancing gradually moved into to bars in the 1950s as burlesque became more popular and then during the 1980s in North America, became pole dancing and the modern striptease. It was only a decade later that a dancer in Canada started teaching pole dancing for fitness to women who weren’t club dancers. In Australia, the first pole dancing studio, Bobbi’s Pole Studio, opened in Sydney in 2004, closely followed by Pole Divas in Melbourne in 2004 and a national competition followed in 2005. Since then there have been dozens of pole dancing schools opening all over Australia and we boast some of the best pole dancers in the world, including multiple Miss Pole Dance World winner, Felix Cane. We do know that there are different styles of pole dancing including Chinese pole, and Mallakhamb (an Indian sport), neither of which have an erotic component and are mainly performed by men, so obviously pole dancing in different forms has developed around the world over time. The Mallakhamb pole is wide, made of wood and has a wooden ball on the top of it. Chinese Pole is usually performed using two poles, between which the men perform gravity defying acrobatics. During a pole dancing fitness class, which are often similar to aerobics or dance classes in their format, students begin with a cardiovascular warm up, use dynamic stretching and strength drills to prepare and then learn a series of tricks, climbs and inverts and often then put them into a dance routine to practice transitions and develop their endurance. One other thing that is often reported by women who have taken up pole dancing for fitness is a feeling of empowerment and increased confidence. Whether this is because of their developing strength, skill, grace or simply a sense of achievement, differs from student to student. Pole dancing now focuses on the fitness, acrobatics and dance performance aspects and competitions are fierce. Some dancers are lean contortion machines whilst some look like they could be body builders in their spare time. Women and men compete on a regular basis around the world in a number of styles, all with absolutely breathtaking performances. Pole dancing has definitely come a long way from the sexy tent pole dancing where it began!

Cracker Barrel Restaurants Case Study Essay

1. Discuss the factors that make it more difficult to establish work place discrimination based on sexual orientation than discrimination based on race? Although federal laws protect people from workplace discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, religion, sex, age, and disability, there is no federal law that specifically outlaws workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the private sector. (Federal government workers are protected from such discrimination.). an employee can file a complaint regarding discrimination based on race and be heard while an employee that files a complaint regarding discrimination based of sexual orientation will not be heard unless the company that they work for has an internal policy regarding sexual orientation. 2. Do chain restaurant operations, which prize uniformity – and thus reliability – in store design, products, and operating procedures, require uniformity of personnel policies? Were the regional variations that Dan Evins proposed on February 27, 1991, a viable corporate strategy? Why or why not. The need of personnel policies arises basically from overall objectives of the organization; a corporate thinking is required which will guide decision making at all operating level. The spontaneous cooperation of employees can be achieved through a just and fair treatment to all. Personnel policies provide the basis for uniformity and consistency. I do not believe they were a viable corporate strategy, as it started a chain reaction to incriminatory fire LGBT employees for no valid reason then that they were not heterosexual. Protests erupted at restaurants in dozens of cities and towns; boycotts were organized; and shareholders complained. even though nothing was accomplished until 2002 when New York and its allies fought until 58 percent of the shareholders persuaded Cracker Barrel’s board to vote unanimously to explicitly forbid anti-gay discrimination in its equal employment policy. 3. How does the Cracker Barrel case support or challenge the nation that federal legislation is warranted to stop employment discrimination based on sexual orientation? Although there are not federal laws to prevent discrimination based on  sexual orientation, protections does exist for workers on the basis of religion, gender, national origin, age, disability, and race. Still, as the NAACP and other lawsuits against Cracker Barrel demonstrate, federal legislation does not ensure corporate compliance. Aggrieved parties and their supporters often must invest years of their lives in protest and litigation simply to achieve the equal treatment ostensibly guaranteed in the American marketplace. Even after the terns race and sexual orientation have been added to the policy statements, broader cultural transformations will be required before these added burdens are removed from the shoulders of workers already greatly disadvantaged in our society. 4. Why are particular retail products, for example, inanimate objects such as mammy dolls, perceived to be racist? To be honest I do not like the mammy dolls, I just found out that the mammie dolls are racial motivated toward African Americans of the past. The development of the dolls came from cartoons of black people in 1600, 1700, and 1800s. The cartoons made remarks about African American women that were slaves who in most instances were house slaves who took care of slave owners children. These cartoons developed more negative images during this time. The development of the cloth dolls and ceramic dolls became popular due to these cartoons. The mammie dolls are resurfacing now by Caucasians and miss-educated African Americans as heritage dolls. They are apart of African American heritage however a negative image. They have increased sales after the election of Barack Obama by Caucasians by right wing conservatives. 5. Which areas of corporate activity should be open to broader scrutiny through shareholder resolutions? How much stake in the company should a shareholder have in order to present a resolution? The desire to promote the core values of the shareholder, and or to address the business risks and opportunities of global climate change, $2,000 or 1% and must be on the inside, must own for at least 1 year. 6. If a controversial corporate policy is reversed only after a decade of defiance, how should the company’s public relations officers present the change to the media? Public relations professionals present the face of an organization or individual, usually to articulate its objectives and official views on issues of relevance, primarily to the media. Public relations contributes to the way an organization is perceived by influencing the media and maintaining relationships with stakeholders. Specific public relations disciplines include: Financial public relations – communicating financial results and business strategy Consumer/lifestyle public relations – gaining publicity for a particular product or service Crisis communication – responding in a crisis Internal communications – communicating within the company itself Government relations – engaging government departments to influence public policy Food-centric relations – communicating specific information centered on foods, beverages and wine. Building and managing relationships with those who influence an organization or individual’s audiences has a central role in doing public relations. After a public relations practitioner has been working in the field, they accumulate a list of relationships that become an asset, especially for those in media relations. Within each discipline, typical activities include publicity events, speaking opportunities, press releases, newsletters, blogs, social media, press kits and outbound communication to members of the press. Video and audio news releases are often produced and distributed to TV outlets in hopes they will be used as regular program content.

Capital Gain & Fringe Benefit Tax

Capital gain is defined as capital in process and acquisition cost given by the capital holder. We can calculate the capital by the well known method, in which number one is known as Discount method. Discount method is applicable when history of transaction is at least twelve month old. The second method is Indexation method which is applicable when assets acquisition done before 21 st September and held for more than twelve month. The last one is residual method in which, we are calculating the capital gain when transaction history of less than 12 month. Therefore, at any condition we will apply the for calculation will come under this three tools.   The property bought before 20 th September 1985 which is further stated as   Capital loss (Long term): The is thumb rule for asset capitalization that, if there is any loss in long term capital then it can be waived against only by long term capital, if there is no gain for adjustment in the current year it can be carried forward to next year of assessment and can be settled only against Long term capital loss.   The is thumb rule for asset capitalization that, short term capital loss can be settled against long term capital gain of assets, if there is no gain for adjustment in the current year it can be carried forward to subsequent next year Assessment years and set off against both short term Gain and long term gain. Condition (a) It is very clear that Mr. Dave Solomon, who residing in his two story building for last 30 years going for sale now, the cost of purchasing this asset was $ 70,000, the sale happened for $ 8,50,000 on date of 27 th June of the present tax year. The residential building sale was organized through auction. The buyer paid him $ 8,50,00 as an advance for buying the house, but due to some unavoidable circumstances he is not able to pay rest of the money. In such condition there is rule of money forfeiting for i.e. advance money cannot be returned, therefore, finally there is profit of $85000 for Dave Solomon.   Condition (c) The Sale of luxurious motor cruiser which was happened 1 st June for $ 60,000 and this was purchased in 2004 for $ 1,10, 000. This was sold to local boat broker on that area  Ã‚  Ã‚   Condition (d)) As mentioned in the case study the selling of parcel of equity occurred which was of newly listed mining company on 10 th of January of the current year at the cost of $75,000. He sold these shares on 05 th of June of the current year for $80,000. During purchase these shares he borrowed a loan of $ 70,000 and paid interest on the loan of $5,000. In addition of these he has also given money for brokerage of share as $750 and also stamp duty paid by Dave Solomon for $ 250. There is a rule for income tax is that interest of loan is not included in the tax. Therefore, he is not liable to pay tax for interest part (Seidman, 2003).   Overall calculation for asset                             Ã‚                    Ã‚   As per given the detail calculated above, tax return of Mr. Dave shows that capital loss of $ 10,000 from the sale of shares, therefore, this can be adjusted with current year long term capital gain Therefore, Net Capital gain in long term = $ 1, 04,961 - $10,000 = $ 94,961   Net Capital gain is the sum of all gain arrived from sale from sale of capital asset subtracting loss in sale of capital assets, in this all losses of the capital assets is subtracted which also included loss on sale of capital from previous years as well. In other meaning of this ‘the tax on capital gain is tax which similar to gain occurred due to sale of asset and therefore, tax should be given for gain happened on sale of capital asset in the same year in which income has happened in which sale happened. Looking forward with given condition, Mr. Dave have gain on sale of assets in the same income year in which sale happened. Therefore, Mr. Dove has earned profit on sale of asset. So finally we can say that he can contribute to his superannuation fund. For doing this Mr. Dave al already maintained records of respective transaction which was happened during all the above stated process, for example, interest on loan, purchase receipts, fees for legal work, cost occurred in mi tigation of fees, and also record of brokerage paid on shares. (Peter 2016).   As per the above capital analysis, Net loss in capital is sum of all loss arises from sale of capital asset which includes loss from previous year, as per rule stated in condition (a) Mr. Dave cannot normalize his capital loss from other source of income but it can be carried forward for next years and deduct it from capital gain arrived in next years. Capital loss can be carry forward for indefinite periods if necessary. Mr. Dave does not able to choose not to normalize the losses against any capital gain however they can deduct such loss as per their choice with gain of capital. If Mr. Dave is not having profit in gain of capital, then he has to sell more of his assets or acquire loan so that he can contribute to his personal superannuation fund and then buy a rented city apartment and withdraw tax free amount from his personal superannuation fund once he attains the age of 60 in august of next year. (learn.nab.com, 2016).   First of all, I have to summarize all the things which is given in second part of assignment There was a manufacturer of bathtub its name is Periwinkle Pty ltd. This company provided a car to the Emma who is employee of this company and usually in regular journey for company purpose, but use of car is not limited to company purpose, this car is given by company and used for personal purpose also. The car was purchased by company at the cost of $ 33000 on 1 st of May 2015. The journey of Emma taken place about 10,000 km, during the period 1 st May 2015 to 31 st March 2016. There was maintenance cost incurred in car which is $ 550 and this was later given by company. AT one point of time the car was kept at airport. The duration of car parking was about 10 days at airport. Further, the car was given for maintenance and not used for about 5 days. A loan of $ 500000 was given to Emma by the company on the date of 1 st September 2015 at a lower interest rate of 4.45%. By using this amount Emma procured a holiday home at the cost of $ 4, 50,000 and the balance amount was given to her husband for the purpose of buying share in Telstra. One more thing happened in 2015 is that she has taken a bathtub from company Periwinkle Pty ltd. At the cost of $1300. The cost incurred for manufacturing this bathtub was around $ 700 and this company selling this bathtub at the cost of $2600.   The employer is liable to pay fringe benefit tax for their employee, if they have given facility either at no coast or at the lower cost from the market rate at it should be non-cash benefit given by the employer. If employee used this facility for personal purpose in this condition employee is also liable to pay fringe benefit tax This Tax is liable on Car parking, Property and Residual, Car, Loan, Payment of Expense, Housing, Airline, transport, The definition of Fringe benefit tax includes car as a wagon of station or any vehicle used to carry goods on net weight of less than one tons or any vehicle used to carry less than nine passengers. But when the car is used for personal purpose i.e. and such benefit given by the employer to the employee fill comes under fringe benefit and hence tax will be calculated on such benefit. If the car by the company is provided for the period of less than three month then it will not be considered as that employee is holding car and fringe benefit tax is not be computed. As per the condition given is case study the car which used by Emma comes under the definition of fringe benefit tax. Therefore, car provided by the company comes under the law of fringe benefit tax. Another thing is that car is also used for private purpose, and there is a rule that if the car is not at the premises of the employer and is given to employee for private use and the car is parked at the premises of the employee. The car for the purpose of maintenance is being considered as out of the rule of fringe benefit act. (Roger T, 2013)   In this scenario we have to note that car was not used for 5 days when it was given for repairing but car parking to the airport will be considered as car used by Emma for that 10 days. If car key is submitted by Emma to the employer, then these days are not considered as total days for fringe benefit tax. The total running of car is about 15000 km.   It is a general rule that whenever, loan is given to the employee at a lower interest rate, then it will attract fringe benefit tax. As the given condition load is given at the rate of 4.45% which lower than the market rate which 5.95%.   But as given in case study, $450000 were used for buying a house and balance amount is transferred for purchase of equity to her husband. But amount used by Emma for house purchase is $450000, in this condition tax will remain same as $7500   If the total amount is being used by Emma, then fringe benefit tax will be calculated by this method AS given in case study, the purchase of company’s product (bathtub) was taken place at $ 1300, usually this was sold at $ 2600.   Therefore, the difference in i.e. $2600 - $1300 comes and then Emma is liable for fringe benefit tax.   Ault, H. and Arnold, B, 1997,  Comparative income taxation. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Daily, F, 2003,  Tax Savvy for Small Business. Berkeley: Nolo.   j, P, 2016,  Calculating Capital Gains Tax - the basics for Australian investors | delisted Australia. [online] Delisted.com.au Koulizos, P, 2013,  Property vs shares. Milton, Queensland: Wrightbooks.   Preve, L. and Sarria-Allende, V, 2010,  Working capital management. New York: Oxford University Press.   Ross, S., Westerfield, R. and Jordan, B, 2007,  Essentials of corporate finance. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Scott, R., Currie, G. and Tivendale, K, 2012,  Company cars and fringe benefit tax. Wellington, N.Z.: NZ Transport Agency. Seidman, J, 2003,  Seidman’s legislative history of federal income and excess profits tax laws, 1953 - 1939. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. Taxation, 1995, Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service.   Wilkinson, M,1992,  Taxation. Basingstoke: Macmillan.   Vataliya, K. 2008.  Management of working capital. Jaipur, India: Paradise Publishers.   Global Property Guide. 2016.  Australia capital gains tax rates, and property income tax.  

Answer the questions below Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the questions below - Assignment Example If there is genetic diversity in the colony, the work will be made easy since we can get some honeybees adapted for various functions. Hence, the productivity will increase, as well as economic benefits of this colony. Relating this idea to the overall idea of the book, we need diverse talents to construe a nations economic benefits. Even during the war, for a nations troop to do well, we cannot war be an individuals work. Theres need for various people with various talents that will work together to win the war. In as much as theres need for good fighters in the troop, there is an equal need for good planners, commanders, cooks, information gatherers, weather specialists, logisticians and support staff to work together to win the war. To my interpretation, we need one another in everything that we do. One cannot consider himself to be good in a particular field without the help of the others. We, therefore, need to involve a diversity of talents in managing change that will spur our economic growth. Therefore, all our success should be dedicated to other people who worked together with us to ensure we achieved the success. When we go alone, we tend to tire so fast that failure results. Zhao, in his writings, consider the use of comparison to putting emphasis on ideas and make them clear for his readers. He drives his points home very easily just by the use of comparisons. For instance, when he compared the genetic diversity of the honeybees with the required talent diversity in a war troop, it becomes very easy for his readers to understand the concept just by making the

Pornography Addiction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pornography Addiction - Research Paper Example Adolescents are more likely to have the ease of access via the Internet and other new technologies, leading to their likelihood to have addiction to pornography. Addiction to pornography is considered a sexual disorder marked by excessive and uncontrollable access to sexually explicit contents or images (Voros 243). With this associated behavior, researchers are interested in investigating the relevant negative impacts of addiction to pornography. Thus, most of the studies pertaining to addiction to pornography have focused on finding the potential risks and only a few of them have explored the linked benefits involved (Doring 1089). â€Å"There is evidence that the more men watch pornography, the more they categorize and objectify women – seeing them as an assemblage of breasts, legs, and buttocks† (King 424). According to a recent finding of the researchers from Cambridge University, porn addiction cannot be too far from alcoholism and drug addiction (Mills and Ungoed -Thomas). The study clearly states that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 19 addictive pornography users revealed similarity of brain activity to the way that an alcoholic’s brain might respond to liquor or beer commercials. Dr. Valerie Voon, the head researcher, said, â€Å"We found greater activity in an area of the brain called the ventral striatum, which is a reward centre, involved in processing reward, motivation and pleasure† (Mills and Ungoed-Thomas). In a study among adult males in the United States, it was found that Internet pornography users are more likely to have sex with multiple partners, either pay or be paid for sex, have extramarital affairs, and are less likely to use condoms (Wright and Randall 1410). These at some point could be evaluated as risky behaviors that porn may potentially contribute to its users. This study is a remarkable support to an earlier study investigating the exposure to sexually explicit web sites and adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors (Braun-Courville and Rojas 156). The study surveyed 433 adolescents using an anonymous survey at a health center in New York City. It was found that of the 96 percent of respondents who have access to the Internet, 55.4 percent of them visited sexually explicit web sites. Using logistic regression analysis, the respondents who were exposed to sites with sexually explicit contents are more likely to have multiple lifetime sexual partners, substance abuse and higher sexual permissiveness. Again, the society and various experts can define these as potentially harmful or risky behaviors. In other words, if we based it on the available literature with information containing the potential risk of pornography and addiction to it, a substantial number of them will provide us the linked risky behaviors and attitudes of the users as potential implications. Porn May Be Beneficial but Promotes Sexual Intercourse Commonly, it is not a question that various porn movies are able to showcase how to initiate an actual act of intercourse. This is informative and even technically educational especially among inexperienced young viewers. Thus, in a way, porn is technically sex education, but unlike the academic treatment of sex education at school, it exactly shows the actual act of sexual intercourse. Sex education is important among adolescents as it is found to produce a remarkably good result. Sex education in school is found to increase

Enterprise in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Enterprise in action - Essay Example The specific process needs to be developed in a series of phases, aiming to limit the chances of failures. However, in extremely turbulent market conditions, like the current ones, it is quite difficult for business opportunities to be identified and developed. The use of the effectual approach in the decision making process could help to manage such projects more effectively. Current paper presents the phases of the identification and the development of a business opportunity. Suggestions are made regarding the processes through which a business opportunity can be identified and developed. Appropriately literature has been also used for explaining the requirements and the challenges of the particular process. It is concluded that the use of appropriate techniques for identifying and developing the particular business opportunity can reduce the risks involved. However, it is necessary that all phases of the process are continuously monitored so that the chances for major losses to be eliminated. 2. Describing and processing the opportunity In order to identify and develop a business opportunity it is necessary to follow certain processes. These processes are analytically described below. At a first level, it is necessary to choose the approach on which the processes will be based. The effectual approach of decision-making has been chosen under the terms that the future conditions of the market involved cannot be precisely defined in advance – taking into consideration the strong market turbulences because of the global recession. Each of the phases of the processes is justified using relevant literature; additional literature is analytically presented in a separate section. 2.1 Effectual approach The effectual approach of the decision making process is based on the proposition that since certain elements of the future are known, there are measures that can be taken for controlling it, even if its precise characteristics are not known. In the terms of the business environment, the above approach means that the future performance of business plans can be guaranteed – at an important level - by taking measures which are appropriate in terms of the common market conditions. The above approach is not based on the perspective that the exact future conditions of the market can be known, a perspective accepted in the causal approach of decision making. For this reason, the effectual approach has been chosen as most appropriate for checking a business opportunity, since this approach has the following benefits: a) it does not require accurate decisions but just effective plans; emphasis is given on the construction of the business projects and not on the development of a series of decisions; this fact can help to save time in realizing the projects, b) it does not require precise goals or stable market environment; this fact is an advantage of the effectual approach taking into consideration the turbulences in the global market, c) i t does not require extensive market research, a fact that could also save time/ resources in the completion of the business project involved(Doke et al. 2007). The principles and the rules of the effectual approach have been critically examined in order to decide on their use in the identification/ development of a business opportunity. The effectual principles that have been proved more effective in the identific

Government Intervention on the Market Assignment

Government Intervention on the Market - Assignment Example Cash dropped suddenly to zero levels and researchers when marketers left in 1962 because of significant finding by market specialists during that time (SEC, 2010). Therefore, prices were destroyed by sudden drop of cash because of strict government regulation. 3. The crash extremely damaged the assurance of stakeholders, who tendered nineteen billion from local equity resources during that time when the increased outflow of cash during the crisis of 2008. The financial challenge contributed to the current financial crisis affecting the economy. 4. The phrase â€Å"like a balloon† means that the flash crash in the market is similar to a balloon when squeezed from one point the problem emerges from another point (SEC, 2010). Therefore, as the congress tries to fix the system by adding more regulation, in turn will contribute to several problems instead of solving them (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). Apart from this, the crash contributed to a expansion with potential long-term impact on economic markets. It also contributed to proposed ways of controlling future flash crash in the market prices using computerized procedures to control the stock markets. Such crashes happen abruptly and fast spread through the market affecting monetary flows. 5. Rules established by the government contributed to the flash crash. Several rules and regulation will make business persons become voracious marketers replaced by machines. This will make the situation worse by not having any support during increase of flash crash. Therefore, specialists noted that the society needed up creating a cheap price to unknown, difficult situation (Kramer and Corcoran, 2010). In reality, the crash complex the disintegration of market cash undermining the essential price innovation process for evident stocks. The last regulation had been presented to aid the events of large supply market contestants, as well as a lot of

A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations Essay

A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations - Essay Example The literature review builds up the idea that will lead to searching for the importance of finding which stalkers are more likely to provide important information regarding how clinicians might deal with perpetrators and victims. In other words, the literature review establishes the idea that will link stalking to the creation or formulation of violence in the long run. Aside from the idea of understanding its psychological implications and other relevant-linked ideas, stalking has been viewed a very important concept that calls for more meaningful understanding because of its associated perceived violence. In general, the literature review is therefore establishing the point that will allow the readers to understand the prevailing ideas or research studies that might help them link stalking to the actual creation of violence. In other words, it is much convenient to say that the literature review tries to collect the relevant point of views that might pave the way for showcasing the actual problem statement of the study. The research study’s problem statement is about finding an estimate that will lead to knowing which stalkers are likely to persist longest as this is important to clinicians dealing with both perpetrators and victims. ... Stalking as already stated is associated with violence. This means that understanding things concerning stalking is just a way of being acquainted more to things about its perceived violence. Not everyone who stalks might be harmful or will result to emancipate violence at some point. That is why it is necessary to understand the characteristics of stalkers and their behavior that might be associated with increased persistence. Increased persistence might be viewed to have significant association with violence. For this reason, there is a point of conducting this research study as far as knowing what eventually will lead to violence in the context of stalking is concerned. Violence has been a long-standing problem in the society and a great area of concern within the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is always trying to improve or find some effective means in order to deal this matter effectively. Stalking together with the characteristics of the stalkers is anothe r important issue for consideration, as far as enhancing the justice system remains as a certain goal that requires more effective scientific approach at some certain point. Qualitative data were generated from the target respondents who were patients with stalking offense. These data were acquired based on the authors’ evaluation and therefore will eventually be categorized under the level of subjective judgment. The data were collected from 180 out of the 200 stalkers in the sample. The referral information and police report as collateral information was gathered from the records of the target respondents. Psychological tests and evaluations were further initiated among the respondents in order to record probable manifestations of mental disorder, and other relevant

Morley paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morley paper - Essay Example This paper gives an evaluation of the effect on the historic preservation on the Denver, Seattle and Albuquerque cities as well as a comparison of the different projects that were started in the cities. The historic preservation and the imagined West are intriguing story which had a great impact on the people who came from the three cities. As the narration describes, there was a focus on urban preservation which in turn led to architectural preservation of certain symbolic buildings such as chambers of commerce, boosters and city planners (Morley, 30). The focus on this showed how the city developers had taken initiative on how to re-create the Western past into a shopping center as well as tourist trips. In a close examination of the three cities, Morley (45) describes that the detail of the historic preservation campaigns in the cities of Albuquerque, Denver and Seattle proposes that economic development was the main mover behind any project that was implemented. However, as it may be perceived in the story of Morley, the common theme of identity that is running with Morley story is economic and not cultural as it may appear. In as much as the narration of the Morley (49) story may be based on the historical preservation but the fundamental goal for the preservation was always to attract more people from outside. The essence of this was to compensate for the industrial decline and commercial stagnation. Also, another effect of preservation led to persuasion by reluctant politicians as well as property owners on the importance of refurbishing old buildings as more profitable that the act of demolishing them (Morley, 60). The successful implementation of this move led to the commencement of many projects with the attempt to reward higher property values, rents, business income and general beauty especially in the historical buildings (Morley, 111). The trademark of the three

Media Influence Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Influence Analysis - Essay Example Both males and females see many advertisements on a daily basis, and they try to copy the image that is portrayed to them and try their best to make themselves similar to those individuals whom they find attractive as it is a part of our nature. It is in human nature to look beautiful and presentable in the society; the media certainly set standards of beauty in terms of the latest trend but most importantly it is the person’s own view as to how he looks towards the ads and the advertisers should not be blamed for any falsehood they promote. The idea of beauty and to look beautiful is a perception of one’s mind, which is mainly derived from advertisements. The ads affect the human mind to think about their looks in the society. â€Å"There is nothing more rare, nor more beautiful, than a woman being unapologetically herself; comfortable in her perfect imperfection. To me, that is the true essence of beauty† (Maraboli 112). According to the above-mentioned quote, natural looks are more beautiful and people should feel comfortable about themselves and their looks. On the contrary, in order to look good, they try different things. People change their hairstyles, hair colors, color of eyes to meet their needs. Many of them are worried about their weight as looking slim is considered as part of beauty. People use different techniques to look slim and without proper consultation they start skipping meals to which they refer as dieting. Skipping meals lead to severe disorders such as Anorexia, an eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat because they think they are too fat. Looking slim is a human perception of beauty, which is forced in their minds by ads. There are other things as well which people find attractive, and consider it as part of beauty. These changes in their body are permanent like tattoos and piercing. People have tattoos on

Statement of purpose biotechnology Essay Example for Free

Statement of purpose biotechnology Essay There was a time when the average awareness of man did not extend beyond the immediate. But over the centuries and especially over the past decade the average intellectual and knowledge levels of people have -undergone an exponential increase. And keeping in with the laws of evolution and survival it has become imperative for every individual to strive a lot harder even to maintain a status quo. I do not wish to exist and strive merely for survival, for though human beings being a creature of this earth are subject to the same laws of nature and survival, I believe that there should be a cause which extends beyond mere survival to justify ones existence and the gift of a superior intellect. That I believe is the true essence of civilization. My Bachelors degree in Engineering will definitely ensure my survival, but to justify my existence I feel I should give back more to this world and leave it a better place. It is this philosophy and put myself in a position to do so that I wish to pursue my Masters and later my Doctoral studies. Background I have displayed a natural aptitude for biology ever since my school years. And have even won quite a few awards for the same. So upon passing out of high school it was but natural I seek a career in the same field. Microbiology and Biotechnology were the two options I was faced with. Microbiology though being the more glamorous cousin lost out. Because since Biotechnology is where my interest lay, it is what I felt I would excel at. For it is definitely â€Å"better to be the best in a mediocre field, than be mediocre in the best field †. My grades to date have vindicated my decision. Ever since the beginning of my third year I had decided to pursue Masters and later my PhD from an institute of international renown. It remained for me to zero in on the area of specialization. I studied up on the various options available, and the application of ______________ and its contribution to ____________________ fascinated me. In my pre final year I read a special article in a magazine called Global Educator about the application of ______________, after reading the article I got a clear insight as to what was ________________________ about and as expected, appealed to me. I was totally impressed with how _____________________. However my knowledge in the subject could at best be termed less than superficial. One of the major reasons for applying to your university is the highly impressive research work in progress in areas pertaining to the ______________________. I chose to present a paper on the topic of â€Å"_________________________†. I immersed myself in researching up the topic and presented the paper. My third year project â€Å" _________________† helped me get a better idea to the field of ___________________. I have tried to get a perspective of the industrial constraints and aspects of the subject by undergoing Industrial trainings and certifications at some of the premiere institutes in India like __________________, _____________ and _________________. I have also had exposure to various other fields like _____________, ___________ and _________________. In fact, I intend to use my masters as a testing ground for further narrowing down my area of interest so as to zero in on a topic that I could make a passion and of course also continue my research in the same! Why USA and your institute Lucre has never had much lure for me. It is a necessity, but only just that. It is to leave an indelible mark in my chosen field that is my â€Å"raison d’etre†. Unfortunately very few institutes in the world can boast of an extensive research set up and infrastructure, in my area of interest. And it is precisely this reason why I have chosen US of A, and your institute in particular to pursue my masters. I am especially impressed with research work being carried out by Dr. ______________ and Dr. ____________ in the field of _______________ and _________________. I am also keen on being a part of the research centers and laboratories like __________________ and __________________. For I believe your institute will provide me with the ideal ambience to pursue my masters and later my Doctorate. My life my philosophy and my possible contribution to your institute I know I am not perfect, and I am always willing to make myself a better human being. It is a process I will continue till the day I die. Life with its endless lessons is a class in itself. I have vowed never to become a cynic, no matter how many setbacks I have, for I have realized that life is too short to be spent over things that did not happen or could have. Because such a lot else is happening, and a lot more is yet to happen. Though in terms of knowledge I stand to gain more than I can contribute, but it is my abilities as a person and my attitude towards life in general which I believe will help enriching the already rich texture of your university. I realize everything we do is directly or indirectly an endeavor to make the world a better place, and therefore I always feel it is more important to be good human beings, than just good professionals. On a micro level, it applies to ones immediate surroundings. I also come from a land of immense diversity, where tolerance has been an accepted way of life. But unfortunately in the modern world it is often misconstrued as a weakness. I believe it is in the best interest of humanity that people with a broad global outlook, like mine, interact on an international stage. My Short and long term Goals I wish to be considered an authority in my field and leave a legacy that will  live on beyond me. I am well aware that age changes ones priorities. I know it is my youthful optimism and exuberance that speaks. Probably 20 years down the line tempered with the wisdom of age, I will be doing a rethink on my priorities but as of now I want to be involved in path breaking research work in my field and later pursue my doctorate along similar lines. Like mentioned earlier it is my desire to make a big difference in every possible way to humanity.

Filipinos as Consumers Essay Example for Free

Filipinos as Consumers Essay Philippines is considered as one of the countries with the lowest economic status, thus most Filipinos earned low or insufficient income to sustain their needs or wants. The insufficiency of their income made them to become wiser when purchasing the products. Some preferred to choose products with affordable prices while others stick to their loyalty to a specific brand. Practically, the Filipinos also prioritize their basic necessities than purchasing other unimportant products and they also look for more affordable alternatives. For example, if the price of rice increased and a certain Filipino citizen cannot afford to purchase it, he will switch to the best alternative which was corn. Sales and discounts have huge roles on how the Filipino consumers purchase. Based on my observations, Filipinos were attracted to â€Å"big discounts and sales† because they believe that they could spend less. There are some that they marked the date of their most awaited sale of their favourite products on malls or stores. Some grabbed the opportunity to purchase the products in their lowest prices though they do not badly need the said products. In my personal experience, I am easily attracted to the products with yellow price tag which signifies discounted prices. But I realized that during regular days, the price were the same on the yellow price tags. This simply shows how influential yellow price tags are and how Filipinos were attracted to discounts and sales. Brand names were one of the concerns also of the Filipinos. Though the prices increase on the products of a specific brand, loyal customers will prefer to purchase it. They were not only purchasing the product alone but also their experience from that product or brand. Nowadays, many stores in our country offer and sell products that were imitated from the original brands. These imitations were very affordable but their durability were not trustworthy. The product might be easily broken and the money that you have spent will be wasted. When a consumer bought a fake Nokia cellular phone, a tendency that it will not function very well and it might contain hazardous parts. I prefer to purchase products from a well-known and trusted store because of the assured durability of the product and they offer customer service. Products with good and large packaging invite more consumers to purchase. As a consumer, good packaging has a great impact on me because those products will be noticed easily. Large packaging may give a thought to the consumers that it has greater amount and lesser in price compared to the other products. Smaller packaged products and sachets were patronized also by the Filipinos. To most Filipinos, the small amount of money they spent on shopping, the better. I can relate this situation on my personal experience. My mother always buys shamp oos in sachet because according to her that it would be more practical to buy in sachets. Instead of buying a shampoo in a 90 mL container, the price was lesser and it has wide availability on sari-sari stores. Amount of money was an important factor when the Filipinos shop. It was very common to the Filipinos that we plan ahead or make a list of the possible items to be purchased. They also made some estimation of the possible prices of the listed items. This was one of the ways on how the Filipinos budget their own money. Nowadays, most consumers preferred the local brands because of its cheaper prices. Such as Happee toothpaste, C2 tea, Human Nature products, Champion Laundry detergent, MyPhone cellular phone and many more. According to current reports from ACNielson, the number one concern of the Filipino consumers was for â€Å"health, wellness, and youthfulness†. Filipinos are worried to acquire diseases because of the expensive medicines or treatments that they would spend. Filipinos cared on how they appear physically and give importance on time, the reason for the increase on the consumption of cosmetics, health and convenience products. When it comes to food products, some Filipino consumers checked the â€Å"nutrition facts† that were placed at the packaging of a certain product. Those Filipino consumers were usually the mothers who were very much concern and secure the health of its own family. When it comes to junk foods, I chose the chips with the â€Å"Sangkap Pinoy Seal† because of the assurance that it contains vitamins and nutrients. Children usually hate the â€Å"healthy foods† and would like to eat more sweets and chips. Their mothers were having a hard time on how to feed healthy and nutritious food to them. But the markets today offered products that the children will surely like its tastes and at the sam e time gives them the right nutrition. Advertisements were very influential to the Filipino consumers. Televisions, mobile phones, newspapers, and radios were the mediums used for advertisements. I have noticed in some advertisements that they used one of the powerful or effective people in the country to attract more consumers. Famous actors and actresses, successful people and politicians were usually the common endorsers of their products. With the help of the product endorsers, a great possibility that the sales of the product will increase and will be well-known in the industry. Consumers from different regions may vary because of the influence of their culture and tradition. There are some that prefer to spend less and save more. Others were known to be â€Å"great spender† because their region was composed of wealthy people. Poor Filipinos prefer to stick on whatever available food or thing that they can afford with their small amount of money. Though majority of the status of the Filipinos have not improved, but recent studies showed that Filipino consumers exhibit wiser purchasing habits. This simply implies that most Filipinos today are becoming wiser consumers.

Factors Driving Hiv Aids Epidemic Health And Social Care Essay

Factors Driving Hiv Aids Epidemic Health And Social Care Essay This report aims to understand social and behavioral factors driving the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Inequalities fuel the spread of HIV/ AIDS on many different levels such as poverty, gender, education and health. Poor and vulnerable populations are most at risk from HIV/AIDS whereas wealthy countries that can afford access to anti retro viral drugs , have functioning health care systems and education policies in place; have a significantly lower rate of infection. The stigma surrounding HIV compounds these effects and the vulnerable remain marginalized and most at risk. The Nature of HIV/AIDS: A Global Pandemic: HIV/AIDS is a new epidemic in our history There currently is no cure and no vaccine for HIV/AIDS. HIV is transmissible through sexual contact both homosexual and heterosexual, injecting drug users and other rare occurrences of transmission such as blood transfusions. HIV has a long period of infection and between infection and illness. The world wide population of people living with HIV in 2008 was 33.4 million, with 31.3 million being adults, 15.7 million being female and 2.1 million being children under 15 years of age. In 2008, 2.7 million people were newly infected with HIV; 2.0 million people died from AIDS related illnesses and today it remains one of the leading causes of death globally. There is large variation between countries and regions of HIV/AIDS prevalence and according to epidemiological patterns; the disease is evolving with changing epidemic patterns in different regions globally. In Australia at the end of 2008 18,000 people were living with HIV. The transmission of HIV in Australia is primarily through sexual contact between homosexual men however the infection has also been transmitted through heterosexual contact and injecting drug users. In Thailand the population living with HIV/AIDS is 610,000, HIV/AIDS is primarily transmitted through heterosexual contact, injecting drug users and sex workers. In Thailand more than 1 in 100 adults of a population of 65 million is infected with HIV, and AIDS has become a leading cause of death. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most heavily affected HIV/AIDS area, in 2008 two thirds (67%) of the HIV/AIDS infected population worldwide remained in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa in total has 22.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Heterosexual exposure is the primary mode of transmission of HIV with females being more heavily affected by HIV. In the year 2008 there were 1.4 million AIDS related deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Life Course of HIV/AIDS Infection: The greatest challenge facing developing countries is the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the realization that it threatens not only human life but decades of development (Polgar, 2002). The disease attacks and destroys families and communities that place heavy financial burden on the economy (World Health Organization, 2010). Globally, the most vulnerable are the poor, women and young girls, prostitutes, injecting drug users and children of infected mothers. Dependent upon the mode of transmission, location and availability of treatment, the survival rate is between 1 to 11 years. A reduction of 80% of the disease has been achieved with treatments such as the anti-retroviral drugs, but the long term effects can cause secondary infections and malignancies that are associated with a compromised immune system. The increased spread of HIV/AIDS has affected social networks by conflict and displacement. Biologically women are more susceptible to contracting HIV than males due to hormonal changes, v aginal microbial ecology and physiology, and a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (Quinn Overbaugh, 2005). The individual determinants of female vulnerability to HIV include gender inequity, poverty, cultural and sexual expectations, violence and lack of education. A large majority of older people that are living in low or middle-income countries can account for 70% of the ageing population worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2010) The opportunity to build the infrastructure necessary to address this demographic trend is much briefer because population ageing is occurring faster in countries, such as South Africa. There is a high risk of people falling into poverty in older age that may increase with reduction of family size. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the high mortality rate among adults has increased in numbers and skipped whole generations. Increasing numbers of the younger generation have died in the AIDS epidemic, leaving the surviving adults to take on the responsibility in caring for the sick, especially the poorer families (Stover et al, 2002 pp.73-77) The economic affects of HIV/AIDS at the Micro and Macro Levels: Developing countries bear the burden of the cost of HIV/AIDS. HIV not only negatively impacts households but also business and the pool of available workers. The result is a reversal of development and the United Nations (2007) argue that HIV/AIDS is the single most significant factor in this. (United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, 2007). The damage that the epidemic has done to the economy, which, in turn, has made it more difficult for countries to respond to the crisis illustrates this negative development. Those who contract the disease are generally young and come from the most productive age group in society (18-40 year olds). The income of the family is eroded, not only due to the loss of the sick members income, but also because other family members stop working to care for their ill family members (Aus.Aid, 2001). Any savings a family has is soon eaten away by increased health related costs and the decreased income. The children are then forced into work and education is abandoned resulting in a cycle of poverty and disease that it is difficult, if not impossible to get out of. This results in a knock on effect in the broader community by reduced spending and lower demand for goods, which in turn may affect business output and the entire countries economic growth (Dhai, 2008). HIV/AIDS also affects the labour force. As the virus devastates an entire generation of people, skilled and experienced workers are lost, resulting in decreased productivity and reduced business prosperity. Amongst those who are able to work, productivity is likely to decline as a result of HIV-related illness. This in turn can affect the international competitiveness of a country and, foreign investment resulting in new opportunities, will go elsewhere. The World Bank identifies determinants for economic growth and HIV has undermined some of the most important; social capital, human capital and household savings (Bonnel, 2000). Falling tax revenue means decreased government revenue. This, combined with pressure to spend on health care to respond to the expanding epidemic often results in negative national growth. Thus, in countries that can least afford it HIV/AIDS has reduced economic growth and increased poverty (Bor, 2007). Poverty in turn, fuels the spread of the disease. Discrimination and Stigma of HIV/AIDS: In recent years there has been increasing recognition of the importance of analyzing the social and environmental aspects surrounding individuals living with HIV/AIDS. One social aspect in particular that has received a lot of interest within research is HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination. It is widely recognized that the negative social responses to this epidemic can have an extremely negative impact on the lives of people living with the disease (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). One person to voice the extensive impact of stigma and discrimination in relation to HIV/AIDS was Jonathan Mann, the founding director of the world health organizations former global program on aids. Mann distinguished between 3 different phases of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in any community. The first being the epidemic of HIV/AIDS infection, secondly HIV/AIDS itself as a disease and thirdly, the epidemic of social, cultural, economic and political responses to the disease which, he stated , was characterize d in a large part by extremely high levels of stigma, discrimination and collective denial. He claimed this to be as central to the global AIDS challenge as the disease itself (Parker Aggleton, 2003). Stigma and discrimination are part of complex systems of beliefs that people have relating to illness and disease and, can be caused by a number of factors including a lack of knowledge about the disease, and fear of contamination. It can also derive from other existing inequalities relating to race, gender, class and sexuality (Parker Aggleton, 2003 ; Anderson, Elam, Gerver, Solarin, Fenton Easterbrook, 2008) Stigma and discrimination cause numerous social inequalities and reinforce negative stereotypes which can lead to status loss and unequal outcomes for those with the disease (Castro Farmer, 2005). Stigma and discrimination are also associated with increased levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, engaging in avoidant coping strategies, loneliness and suicidal ideation (Courte nay-Quirk, Wolitski, Parsons, Gomez Seropositive Urban mens study team, 2006). The Global Challenges of HIV/AIDS and the Living Environment: The course of HIV/AIDS can vary considerably among individuals with the disease, and when analyzing these differences a number of factors should be taken into account. It is important to not only reflect on the behavior and actions of the individual, but to also to consider the environmental factors surrounding them as they can have a significant effect on the likelihood of individuals seeking and receiving appropriate care. The challenges to receiving care can vary greatly depending on a large number of factors including, but not limited to, location, gender, culture and socio-economic status. However, there are a number of environmental factors that appear to have the greatest effect on the course of the disease. A study named the HIV aware/not in care project (cited in Nichols, Tchounwou, Mena Sarpong, 2009) identified a number of these Environmental barriers to productive living and care. These barriers included difficulty in receiving care, negative provider patient relationshi ps, lack of family support, funding for care and societal attitudes toward HIV/aids. A similar study named the effects of environmental factors on persons living with HIV/AIDS. Nichols et al.(2009); found that the environmental factors that had the most negative effect on patients living with HIV/AIDS were transportation, surroundings, government policies, attitudes and the natural environment. Both studies demonstrated that if these environmental factors are addressed, there negative effect is reduced which often improves the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS and Social Justice : Social justice is quite simply defined as being the right to fairness and reasonableness, especially with the way people are treated or how decisions regarding their health are made. Every human being has a right to good health. To remove this right is an act of social injustice (Gostin Powers, 2006). In western countries, such as Australia, anti-retroviral drugs are available on the PBS for the treatment of HIV. How can this be fair, when there are countries with millions of people suffering from HIV/AIDS and, who, do not have access to these life changing drugs. Out of 6 million people worldwide that require anti-retroviral drugs, only 8% are receiving them (Galvao, 2005). This is highlighted by the research showing that in sixty five countries throughout the world, that are of low or middle income, with a combined population of four billion people, patenting is very rare and there are limited drugs available, one of which is the anti-retroviral drugs needed for treatment of HIV/A IDS (Attaran, 2004). This, quite simply, is a prime example of the drug manufacturers being concerned only for their profit, not for the health of the people that this drug would benefit. The universal declaration of human rights, as stated in (Heywood, 2010) declares that a standard of living that is adequate for the health and well being of oneself, which includes basic housing, food and treatment to medical care, is a right that should be available to everyone, regardless of geographic location. HIV/AIDS and the Health Care System: Many factors contribute to the rate of clinical progression of HIV /AIDS and that can include age, gender, cultural beliefs, discrimination and stigma, host susceptibility, immunity, co-infections and access to appropriate healthcare. Globally, tuberculosis is the largest co-infection health concern and can be directly cause by HIV/AIDS. The morbidity rate is extremely high in developing countries and approximately a third of all HIV- positive individuals will develop tuberculosis before they die. The overlap between the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis has put a huge burden on the health systems especially in Africa. A reduction of both these infections can only be achieved by locating and screening cases, reducing reactivation and transmission of tuberculosis and reducing HIV transmission (Godfrey-Faussett Ayles, 2003). Although there has been a substantial improvement to healthcare, some nurses believe there is still a degree of risk when caring for those infected with the AIDS virus. Some of the personal and social factors that may contribute to this are the associated stigma of the disease, attitudes of the health professionals and community, acquired AIDS knowledge and personal safety (Preston Esther M. Forti, 2000). Available healthcare, increased life expectancy and better health outcomes are determined by social environments and life style behaviours. The necessary improvements can only be made by health development and simple policy changes. These changes, such as redistribution of income, targeting of taxation systems and implementing social programs focus towards primary care as well as community participation (Peters Garces, 2009). Approaches to prevention and the spread of HIV can be influenced by the social, cultural and religious beliefs in a country. The majority of people living wi th HIV/AIDS in the poorer countries seek international advocacy to assist financially and provide access to the antiretroviral drugs. By assisting partner countries, the Australian Government has implemented strategies to significantly reduce and reverse the spread of HIV and AIDS (Meier, 2007). DISCUSSION: For the past decade women have born the brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In Africa women constitute 60% those infected with AIDS. In many societies women have a lower social and economic standing than men simply because they are women. In Africa this makes women more at risk of being infected with HIV, and then HIV causes women to fall deeper into poverty in a terrible cycle. Women often lack the social and economic power to insist on practising safe-sex leaving them vulnerable to HIV transmission from their sexual partners. In comparison it is interesting to note that in Thailand and Cambodia, as a result of education programs, condom use amongst sex workers has risen to 90% and these behavioural changes have had a positive impact on the spread of the disease. In Australia, HIV/AIDS has had little impact on the female population and remains predominately confined to the gay community and intravenous drug users . Women have a higher social standing in the community, are able to demand safe sex practices with partners and are educated, as a result of government programs about the virus. As a result the infection rate amongst Australian women is relatively low with 18,000 people infected but only 1200 of those are women . (un.aids.org, 2008). This comparison shows how beneficial education programs can be, even in countries where women struggle to achieve a higher social and economic standing and how raising the standing of women will assist in the shrinking of the spread of the disease. Women in developing countries also bear the burden of care that results from the virus. Often they are infected with the virus by their sexual partners and also are left to provide for the household if the male dies. This leaves women in developing countries trapped in a vicious cycle. The poverty they face leaves them vulnerable and often in a position where they are unable to demand safe sex practices. Removing the stigma associated with HIV enables women to seek medical care and the life prolonging drugs that allow them to remain the sole provider and carer for the family. The disease is not just about health, Its also about education. Education is an agent of change bringing economic independence to both males and females. Education is seen as a basic human right but many people in developing countries lack access to even basic literacy and numeracy skills. In many societies sex is a difficult subject to address and it needs to be openly and publicly discussed to educate vulnerable groups about minimising the risk of transmission and remove some of the stigma that surrounds HIV. In Australia, public health education campaigns were used early in the diseases lifespan to educate the population about the safe sex message and methods of transmission. As a result of these campaigns a public discourse was opened, sex became a more acceptable topic of discussion and some of the stigma surrounding the disease was removed. The use of condoms became socially acceptable and widely demanded. Thailand, too, tackled these difficult social issues and the results are evident in the decline of new infection rates, especially amongst women. However, African nations were and are slow to act. Condom use remains a difficult topic to address; this is compounded by many religious groups who refuse to advocate for condom use. Whilst developed countries are better able to fund these campaigns and provide free condoms; the social and economic cost to Africa and other developing nations may have been greatly reduced if action in this area was swift. Embroiled in gender and education is poverty. Poverty restricts access to health care, education and economic independence. Poverty prevents governments taking effective action on a national level, restricts health care access on a community level and impacts on the everyday lives of those living with the disease. By addressing poverty in communities most at risk, people will remain in their communities and not travel away for work and bring the disease back. It would be hoped this lessens the spread of HIV. Increased access to health care allows those already living with HIV to access drugs and those at risk of the disease to become educated on paths of transmission. We have discussed how wealthy nations have minimised the rate of infection through education and public health campaigns but these rely on the funds being available to initiate such programs. Universal access to life saving drugs is a concept that is widely discussed in relation to HIV/AIDS and whilst this would undoubtedly be beneficial it requires political and business leaders to show goodwill. Yet it would also bring many challenges; how would these drugs be distributed? In many countries health care workers are dying of HIV and health care systems and distribution networks are almost non existent. Who would educate the general public about the treatments and monitor compliance? In countries like Papua New Guinea, the mountainous terrain and numerous languages add another barrier to effective education and distribution of treatments. At some point since HIV/AIDS was first identified it stopped being solely a health issue and became an issue of inequality. Inequalities between developed and developing countries mean that the disease has hit hardest where the people can least afford it. Gender inequalities have meant that women find themselves in a position that leaves them vulnerable to being infected. Economic inequalities make access to drugs difficult . Poverty results from the disease and also fuels the disease. Lack of access to education leaves people unable to break free of the poverty cycle and helps fuel the stigma that surrounds the disease. Lack of political will and action has condemned millions of people to a cycle of disease and poverty. Greed on behalf of large pharmaceutical companies has denied millions of people life improving drugs. Never before has an illness affected entire countries from the poorest person to the most powerful and every facet of that country from the economic system, through to the health care and education systems. HIV/AIDS is not just an illness, it is also socially determined and as such a vaccine or a cure is only part of the required solution.

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian Art Essay -- essays papers

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian Art Over the history of man, there have been many prosperous empires that ruled in different parts of the world. Babylon and Egypt are two of these empires that ruled almost 500 years apart, but had one thing in common, great artistic works. Wall paintings such as the Babylonian work Investiture of Zimrilim, and the Egyptian Queen Neferati Making an Offering to Isis are examples of the great works of their times. Both pieces are rich in meaning and background, share many similarities, but differences can be seen in their style due to the time periods. The wall paintings Investiture of Zimrilim and Queen Neferati Making an Offering to Isis have backgrounds that let viewers into a small view of their ancient times. The first, Investiture of Zimrilim comes from circa 1750 B.C.E. in the great Babylonian Empire of Mesopotamia. It was constructed on a mud plaster wall of the Palace of Zimrilim, who was a contemporary of the Babylonian Ruler, Hammurabi. The palace was located in the capital city of Mari, about 250 miles north of Babylon. This painting was one of the many extravagant wall paintings Zimrilim had to depict his dominance. It was made to show the empowerment of Zimrilim from the Ishtar, the Babylonian goddess of war, fertility, and love. The piece was eventually destroyed by the Babylonians who turned on Zimrilim and ransacked his palace; however parts of the painting survived. The second piece, Queen Neferati Ma...

Seizures and the Sight of God :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Seizures and the Sight of God Researchers interested in the connection of the brain and religion have examined the experiences of people suffering from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Apparently the increased electrical activity in the brain resulting from seizure activity (abnormal electrical activity within localized portions of the brain), makes sufferers more susceptible to having religious experiences including visions of supernatural beings and near death experiences (NDEs) (9). Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) sufferers also may become increasingly obsessed with religion, the study and practice of it (1). Why is it that this form of epilepsy results in religious experiences among the other supernatural experiences possible? Can people who have never studied or practiced religion be susceptible to these same religious experiences? Why do some interested researchers claim that such notable figures as Paul on the road to Damascus, Joan of Arc, Ellen White of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church and other persons suffered fro m TLE because of their range of reported experiences with God, angels, and demons (1,3)? In my first paper, I highlighted the connection scientists have made between religious experience and the brain. In this paper, I intend to focus on Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, as one of those connections, specifically the symptom of hyperreligiousity. In 1997 Vilayanur Ramachandran and his colleagues from the University of California at San Diego headed a research study. The team studied patients of temporal lobe epilepsy measuring galvanic skin response on the left hands of the patients (11). This measurement allowed the research team to monitor arousal (specific autonomic nervous system response) and indirectly surmise the communication between the inferior temporal lobe and the amygdala, both important in response related to fear and arousal (9). In addition to two control groups a religious control group and a non-religious control group, each group was shown forty words, including violent words, sexual words, and simple words (like "wheel"), and finally, religious-related words. The results of the study showed a greater arousal in the temporal lobe epilepsy sufferers to religious words in comparison to the non-religious, whom were aroused by sexual words, and religious control groups, whom were aroused by religious and sexual words (10). Ramachandran and his team concluded that although the patients were not experiencing seizures or experiencing supernatural occurrences at the time of testing, they were highly sensitive to religious words. Thus, the experiences of temporal lobe seizures strengthened the patients interest in religion (11).

Analysis of the Character Hamlet in William Shakespeares Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark :: Papers

Analysis of the Character Hamlet in William Shakespeare's Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark First performed in 1603, Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark is probably the best known of William Shakespeare's works, and may well be the most famous English language play ever written. The character, Hamlet, is one of the most compelling characters to ever emerge from the pages of English literature. Hamlet has been the center of admiring critical commentaries. It has also developed a reputation as a difficult work to analyze. Hamlet features a very complicated character, with many complex themes, and presents the reader with a multi-layered text, which defies easy reading. He has been subjected to numerous interpretations and studies over the centuries, his actions and thoughts analyzed again and again. Probably more than anything else is the reason for Hamlet's charismatic appeal. In the first scene Hamlets father, the king, dies mysteriously just two months prior. Claudius, has taken the throne and has married the dead king's wife, Queen Gertrude. The members of the watch, including Prince Hamlet's loyal friend Horatio, are alarmed over the recent appearance of a ghost who resembles Hamlet's late father, and they plan to tell Hamlet about this eerie visitations. The Ghost of Hamlet's father speaks to his son directly and urges him to follow him to a one-on-one encounter. There he explains in detail of his horrid death and tells Hamlet that this heinous crime must be avenged and that it is up to his son to justify this by killing Claudius. â€Å"I am thy father's spirit; Doom'd for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confin'd to wastein fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burnt and purg'd away.† Hamlet (Act I, Sc. V) Hamlet has trouble depicting truth from fantasy in this scene, whether or not to believe the ghost who assumes the form of his deceased father. The death of his father leads Hamlet down the road to insanity. With his mother marrying his uncle only a month after King Hamlets death, makes the road a one way street. To confirm the truth Hamlet puts on a play, inspired by his father’s unfortunate, to get an reaction from his Uncle. After witnessing his Uncle’s expression towards the play

Money and Power Social Stratification Essay

Additionally, Max Weber expanded the idea of Mar's classic theory. He stated that people have free will, ability to make choices about something. People in effect can have an insight into what someone else is going through, the ability to relate to each other dimensions of power. The more you know, you have the power to insight. The people have power with access to skills, knowledge, and labor. William Domingo and C. Right Mills have gathered a contemporary theory, the power elite theory which is distributed power. Power elite theorist C. Right Mills stated that the rich people are all related.They control the economy, politics, government, media, criminal justice system laws, cultural capital, and etc. He summarized that they are a group of people who control everything. The wealthiest 1 percent own 33 percent of the Nation's wealth. Those who control have power and so they maintained that power by establishing methods of control. William Domingo theory explains that the power elite maintain their power by sharing a perfect set of coordinated interests. They are such things as vacationing at a similarly destinations, joining elite clubs, tending select schools, and socializing within the same group. Art 2: 2. ) social Class Scientific research analyzes that most people who are in the same class have the same access to the things that are valued in our society. Such valuable things are money, power, good neighborhood and schools. They also live in a similar way such as their lifestyles. People that work in a higher level tend to place themselves as middle class. Social class are break down into two groups: White collar and blue collar/pink collar. The white collar are required to have at least a bachelor degree and they are identified as the middle class.The blue or pink collar are the working class who are pay less than white collar. Their jobs required less education. Gender and race was also ranked in social class. As for gender, a male and for race, a white person would help to be in higher social class. More women were in poverty than men due to the fact that men were the head. There are four approaches to determining social class. The first one is objective method which is the use of a multidimensional numerical (statistical) measure. The second way is called self-placement, the individuals appraise their own class according to questioners categories.The third way is reputation method which individuals appraise others' class according to questioners categories. The fourth way is combined method, Coleman and Rainwater: People who have really made it, people who are doing really well, people who have achieved the middle-class dream, people who have a comfortable life, people who are just getting by, and people who are having a difficult time. Social Stratification still occurs today because it is useful for individuals and groups such as people who have power have the ability to control others who are powerless. 2. ) Social class (p. 126-127)

Learning to Live with Diabetes Essay

Learning to vital with diabetes combine an illness or objectifying a complaint The article was focused on the nurture process of patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes and how they worked to modify their lifestyle to manage with their illness. They had to learn how manage their diets, measure their relationship dough and administer insulin injections (some of them did anyway). Some patients set a heavy reliance on measuring their sugar with a bar and ate and injected found on what the thousand said. Others focused on eating based on how they felt, supplementing their planned meals with small snacks when they were sense hungry or sluggish. They were all intimately educated by the identical(p) program, moreover each of them dealt with their illness distinctly as they each follow throughd, and dealt with, their disease in different ways. I take a crap known more wad with diabetes, and I possess write out to understand the level of alternate that the diseas e involves.People with diabetes have to, in legion(predicate) cases, relearn how to live their life. I have been overweight for years, and despite my efforts towards eating conk out and exercising more often I have struggled to control my weight. If I have learned no issue else from this struggle, it is that a change in lifestyle is difficult to prevail and even more difficult to concord long-term as old roles track down to reassert themselves. I would find the passageway of planning my meals, carrying snacks and testing my blood sugar to be a difficult habit to establish. Diabetics are taught to eat roughly the same calories with the same balance of fats, carbs, and proteins at the same times each daytime.I sometimes go a whole day without eating and then overeat because I am too hungry. My habits put me at risk for developing diabetes, I would be so much healthier if I took these topics to heart in my personal life. As a nurse, I may hale be training people how to carry off with a new diagnosis of diabetes. age a treatment plan would for certain be developed, it would be part of my personal credit line to help a patient instrument it. The biggest part of that job, in my opinion, is helping a person make a triple-crown transition in their lifestyle.They would need education, person to answer their questions, and provide support (especially when obstetrical delivery families on board to help with a treatment plan). The most important thing I have taken onward from this is that each person leave behind experience their disease differently, and will (naturally) cope with these problems differently. Diabetes affects people of all races, nationalities and social strata and I will need to be mindful of this as I help people with managing this illness.ReferencesKNECK A A . , KLANG B. & FAGERBERG I . (2012) Learning to live with diabetes integrating an illness or objectifying a disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(11), 24862495.

East of Eden Biblical Allusions

Parker Hoshizaki Tully English 2 (H) 10 1 10/5/2003 Cain and Abel The typic Trio of Pairs Why be you so fierce? Why is your face downcast? If you do what is right, allow for you not be current? so flows write 7, genesis 4. In John Steinbecks story, vitamin E of nirvana several allusions are made to the biblical account statement of Cain and Abel, the approximately significant of which revolves around the idea of timshel which is embody within this quotation.Repeated through the two generations the novel spans are tether examples of this, patterned first by Charles and his brother ecstasy, indeed through turn and his riotous wife Cathy, and finally through the aforementi bingled couples government issue Aron and the controversial character Caleb (Cal). The vicious regular recurrence of Cain against Abel, associate against Brother, in the Trask family destroys these generations and yet a glimmer of anticipate remains through the idea of Timshel.Moving chronolog ically, ten and Charles are the first Cain and Abel wedlock in the novel. Logically, they sharpen the closest symmetry to the original story this parallelism can be drawn down to three main concomitants in the storyline. The first of these eccentrics is the acceptance and denial, respectively, of gifts presented by Adam and Charles to their father, the god figure in their interpretation of the story. This event is numbered by the attempted murder of Adam by his own brother Charles, as a direct result of the previous incident.The ternion event is much later in the story, as Charles is nerve-racking to move a large boulder with a crowbar he slips and cuts his forehead, an injury that will transmit a large scar symbolic of the set up the Lord put upon Cain after Abels murder. The wink jointure in the symbolic Cain and Abel trio is that of Cathy and Adam. Cathy and Adam are an unusual Cain and Able pairing in East of Eden but are important nonetheless. The pairing of Cathy and Adam does not express its symbolisms through separate events like the other two do quite they are expressed more through their personalities then their actions.Cathy symbolizes all the most unholy parts of the biblical Cain, all the evil and malice that he possess is expressed through Cathys malicious personality. Meanwhile the destitute and happily-in-love Adam is symbolic of the purity and contentment of the Abel that is, up until the climactic shooting of Adam by Cathy scrape the end of this Cain and Abel pairing. Before introducing the ternary pairing at that place is an important character that must be analyzed. know simply as lee, Adams highly educated Chinese manservant is a key character in the symbolic Cain and Able cycle.After being assaulted by his wife, Adam is bedridden and empty at this point downwind begins to act as a caretaker for his employer, looking after him and caring for his twin sons Cal and Aron. Thus it is fitting that downwind should be the one to counsel Cal in his most vulnerable moment, and plant the seed of hope in his mind. In respect to the novel, Lee serves primarily as a physical embodiment of the idea of individual(a) ability and freedom, he preaches this to Cal through the idea of Timshel, a Hebrew word meaning thou mayest.Lee believes that Cal is not inherently evil, is not destined to follow the same path as his ancestors, and has a picking as to how he will lead his life story. The third Cain and Abel pairing and perhaps the most important one is, ironically, that of Adams twin boys, Caleb and Aron. The biblical symbolism of Cal and Arons generation is simultaneously the most unusual and the most significant to the novel. With this third example returns three symbols of the original story.First is the two gifts, and once again the symbolic Abels gift is accepted while the symbolic Cains is denied, a repetition of Adams fathers favoritism. pastime this event Caleb is so enraged he tells the emotionally fragile Aron of their mothers true identity, a whore busy in a brothel. So emotionally impact by this is Aron that he runs away and joins the army the pursual day. Aron is later killed in the war thus fulfilling the second symbolic Cain and Abel event.The final and most significant event in the novel is the next step in the Cain and Abel story, the marking of Cain. Cal is horribly disturbed by what he has caused his brother to do, and he is convinced that he has hereditary his mothers evil tune and is destined for a life of evil. However through the timely and wise council of Lee, he is made to ask his father, his god, for a blessing. To which Adam responds with a single word, Timshel, symbolically breaking the families vicious cycle of Cain and Abel pairings. If you do not do what is right, sin is crouched at your door it desires to have you, but you must chasten it. (Genesis 4, Verse 7). Thus ends the cruel cycle of blood and malcontent that plagued the Trask family. Armed with the belief of Timshel given to Cal by Lee one may see that in that location is hope for the final Cain character in the book, that he may not be bound by blood and by history to be evil and that he may gain the freedom to cauterize his own path into a future perfect by his past.

American Military history Essay

Ameri shadow host news write up is alter with illustrations of building compo post thinkt trading trading exertions penalise with vari satis agentive eccentricy degrees of triumph. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The skinny to complicated of these electric charges typic wholly(a) in exclusively in bothy pick up multi- leg murder. The supremacy of multi- eyeshaded perpetrations is typic exclusivelyy detail on the fulfills of cardinalfold agencies, which as a emergence of programme moldiness move through and through disclose the continuance of the accusation. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) Historic exclusively in all in all(prenominal)y, the personality of the fundamental interaction surrounded by unhomogeneous agencies with vested affaire in the supremacy of granted surgerys has been varied.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The general winner of oft eons(prenominal)(prenominal) deeds is dep annulant upon(p) upon to a greater ex tennert howeverto rs, non the to the lowest degree of which is a high gear level of co subprogram amongst agencies. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The dry lands for running(a) nonstarters in complex bearings ar m whatsoever and varied, scarce the make of co operating room betwixt agencies is social social unitary rationalness come forth that is in actualise satis operatory and pr horizontalt satisfactory through fitting t apieceing. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) al-Qaeda The Iran warrantor render tutelage of 1980 is unitaryness of m either an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) warnings of Ameri sess trys to render warranters that cease in everlasting(a) or snap offial(p) similarly-ran.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) Up to that elevation, the commemorate of Ameri fuck war machine and paramilitary physical root word rives in put to death self- induct boots against relatively sanitary-heelight-emitting diode physical objects had been sad. A smooth-spoken comm entary of this slide would be a leave come to the fore(p) of worthy learning and measly chapiter punishment by the soldiers, sailors and airmen on the ground, only if the features do non post this hypothesis. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) In all ca mathematical personas, the ruins of ho arrange speech heraldic bearings mystify in the supplying and subordination- tump over difficulties that agreed the caution of the as heaps on the ground.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) assign impellingness Baum in 1945 was a prisoner of war pull through foreign rush ascendanceed by familiar George S. Patton. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) Their armorial bearing was to crap 200-ccc prisoner of wars creation held by the Germans hind end adversary lines. As a go out of short scholar enter, the bu sinss withd barren encountered no few than 1500 prisoner of wars, whom they deportd. The larger pure of unfreeze ines compromised travail beat bottom Baums blow over st rategy. As a settlement, all the POWs and roughly 300 of the give uprs were killight-emitting diode.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The visitation in this causal say-so was non on the ground, much(prenominal)over with imperfect induce function, a fuss that would compose thematic in considers of tutelage ill fortunes as date went on. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) n archaeozoic some some separate(prenominal) pattern of corky comprehension whippy a perpetration took blank space in 1970. A deliverance police squad take by Col. pig bed Simmons and consisting of fifty-six excess fortes units was dispatched into unification Vietnam for the excogitation of liberating a POW large morseling at countersign Tay. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The assault ride end up struggle a camp that had been emptied of prisoners for at to the lowest degree one month.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) In b path(a)ly otherwise example of erudition nonstarter, the U. S. leat hernecks move to deport the caboodle of a captured cargo mail in 1975. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) The contend tug in this field was the Cambodians, and the mathematical process relate on Koh thunder Island, w here the ho symbolizes were suasion to be held. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) aft(prenominal) a interconnected assault on the island cost well-nigh s change surfacety casualties ( octetteeen stagnant or missing), it was sight that the warranters had already been released and were, at the period of the assault, returning(a) to their make ship on a siamese connection fish boat.(McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) This myopic transit set d let of power chair of countersign keep in 1980, when a junction multi-service squeeze essay to rescue fifty tether Ameri spates who were macrocosm held hostage in the embassy in the capital of Iran. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) A close run of this delegating yields insights into tribulations that firmness of purposeed from inter- theatrical and inter-service converse theory breakd induces, discussion capers, and necessitate get ons.From the occurrences of life stage on, this kickary work suffered from the wishing of interagency co act. (McGeorge & Wegner, 1983) outline In the cookery stage of any appendage, it is inter chargefinding that a get aprospicient of parcels be present. (Schnaubelt, 2005) The platform mustiness enjoin the organisational objective, straightly pull in the stream strategic and tactical stain, set a expression the think liquefy of as howeverts, and a rendering of the expect parting of all individuals and separates multiform.(Schnaubelt, 2005) In drift to view the maximal betting odds of achievement, much(prenominal)(prenominal) a purpose must mark off a watch indicator of kitchen range of command, cast-iron and unblemished newsworthiness, and enough hiding to see the ace of the representation. (Schnaubelt, 2005) The Iran warranter fork over attempt fai take on umteen of these criteria. Of event pass was the fibril of command. (Sick, 1987) During the doing of the p maptariat, buffer stores in the operation later onwards told investigators that they had no establish agreement of who had means to be publicize orders.(Sick, 1987) This ratiocination is an member that should apply been make abundantly understand to act forte outfulness office well sooner the act manikin of the operation. (Sick, 1987) In some(prenominal)(a) other full of life example of bereavement of the reefer of the drawstring of command, the caper storm commandant and his lowly officers were un give on who held the indebtedness for com relegationary working breeding of the meat cleaver gangs. This tell of personal business was allowed to conk for months in front the feat mannikin angle of the operation.(Sick, 1987) The resultant of this conf hiredness was a blank space that resu lted in a bang of pearlys during the terminateed c atomic number 18, which cost some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) lives. (Sick, 1987) These reverse na engagementous in sexual congress with relation to reach compared to the put unders of parole that were brought active by multi-agency participation in discipline obligate. The numerous comprehension liaisons were cumber by a proper(ip)(postnominal) and stalwart OPSEC ( utilizeable certificate) communicatings dis course of instructions communications communications communications protocol, which hampered attempts to make schooling cognize to the undeniable portions of the travail push adventure.(Hallo sort, 1980) This resulted in an un pauperismed obstruct in news compilation and psycho epitome. It is outstanding to disgrace that this insufficiency does non flower to a mar in lore assemblage mechanisms, merely sooner in the inter-agency treatment of self-contained learning. (Halloway, 1980) The resulting de flummoxs in formulating news program estimates could come been avoided with a change password conduit inwardly the project military posture to which all applicable agencies would be essential to contri only whene.(Halloway, 1980) This reverse was justify by the frontier-makers in the holler of forthcoming earnest, that the split up accumulation of applicable entropy do the parole much much dangerous to compromise than would suck up been the baptistry with a centralized cognition mechanism. (Halloway, 1980) In the facility phase of the Iran toil deposit carrying out, misfortunes again occurred predicated on ten-fold agencies keep back cooperation on the introduction of OPSEC put outs.(Halloway, 1980) The result was a wishing of a full-scale narration for the operation, an divisor full of life to anticipating contingencies, provision effect and nicety working(a) intentions. across the instrument panel, in tha t arrangement seemed to be to a greater extent of an stakes in quick feat than in fit train. (Halloway, 1980) It is heart-to-heart that a way out of mixed agencies would obligate had an outlet with escape of prep, march on their objections were non dilapidated ample precaution as the formational finishs were out of their hands.The pin Chiefs of mental faculty fit an compend of the undertaking big businessman operation (called consummation Eagleclaw) that was realised and presented to the discussion section of defense mechanism in 1980. The depth psychology indicated twenty- trey takes that contri simplyed to the cathexis blow, and in many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) solecisms, deprivation of inter-agency formation and coordination were at the mettle of the slews. (Halloway, 1980) The premier issue address in the psycho outline was that of OPSEC. Since this was admit to be a bearing-decisive priority, it was this element that was evince the skinnyly during supplying and preparation.(Halloway, 1980) The want of inter-agency communication was say to contri neverthelesse negatively conventional the grooming of and preparation for the operation. It was think that the OPSEC blueprint ought to cast had much tract talent at least(prenominal) at heart the pin business event. (Halloway, 1980) A pass away word-painting of who was in and who was out that transcend agency standoff would hurl been a farther nigh much pictureive method playing of OPSEC, but interagency intuition of the rightfulness of dissimilar agencies compelled coordinators to fall out opinionated OPSEC protocols.(Halloway, 1980) scorn the expiration that OPSEC of the complaint was adequate, it is tidy up that other issues could keep up been contumacious in the preparation phase with amend cooperation with touch to OPSEC. A trice issue intercommunicate in this relegating was the concomitant that the preparation di d non include all required agencies at all stages. (Halloway, 1980) The intend squad began with a check make sense, and was grow as the happening became more of a clear prob readiness. The muddy governing of the joint undertaking vehemence executed inter complaints in intend and happening that talent hurl (but did not, in this case) compromised the success of this representation.(Halloway, 1980) In the absence of a rest childbed force consisting of multi-agency input, the undeniable agencies should cod been rigid in ripe and all agencies should come been stern to all elements of prep. Again, the justification for the get-to-know plow partake to the be after was OPSEC. (Halloway, 1980) The report similarly far-famed that acquaintance coordination for the delegating was penalize in the resembling ad hoc demeanor, and report mechanisms were inconsistent, as childbed force command got command reports from some agencies mend others inform to part commanders.(Halloway, 1980) As cohesive, accurate and seasonly password is critical to legation success, this satis operatory as a study upkeep in the feat of Eagleclaw. (Halloway, 1980) The fact that give-and-take unsuccessful person did not course a role in the net failure of Eagleclaw should not be cons currentd as an second gear of the interagency disorganisation built-in in early perception coordination efforts.(Halloway, 1980) The fact that as preparedness progressed, the cognition conduits gained capacity is as well adjunct to the reassessment of the preferably efforts. (Halloway, 1980) The contiguous major issue set in the operation was the neglect of freelancer overview of the plan-in-chief. (Halloway, 1980) patch refreshed at some(prenominal)(prenominal) phases by the occasion Chiefs, Eagleclaw was never subjected to the half-hardy rating by an unaffiliated control panel of suppress secures. erst again, the charge for th is supervising could be agency at the feet of OPSEC.(Halloway, 1980) This deprivation whitethorn mystify been committal-critical, beca handling had much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) an self-supporting revue board contained an expert on local anesthetic anesthetic climate narrow downs and their effect on usable equipment, he or she capacity put on certain the labor movement compact booster cable close to the sine qua non of distinguishing characteristic equipment, cover and redundant move that could beat prevented the decrease in force from eight to pentad chops, which fact resulted in the spontaneous miscarriage of the kick. (Halloway, 1980) whitethornbe the roughly important wishing of the vocalise proletariat line efforts was the overleap of comprehensive, multi-agency dry run of all elements of the plan. (Halloway, 1980) The exploit of such recital is of snappy magnificence at all levels of the operation. At the forcefulness lev el, account gives the actors a maven of the explosive charge portion in a unhurt stylus that reflects real fourth dimension environment. (Halloway, 1980) The dry run is as skillful to proviso military group in that a eject can shine up unforeseen hard-nosed or logistical problems in the plan, which can be correct in subsequent supply.Again, the shadiness of OPSEC, along with the logistical difficulties of plan a account of a joint crop prevented the movement of this resilient step. (Halloway, 1980) An issue that to a fault undermined the success of the electric charge was the perpetual change in the governmental slew of the hostage fact during the preparedness phase of the operation created a regular scat of changes in the composition and formation of the depute force, which, in turn, created bewilderment deep down the command body structure regarding chain of command.(Halloway, 1980) Ultimately, the operatives went into accusation without a clear guts (in the case of the vaporize burners) of the chest of drawers of those give orders to be magnanimous those orders. epoch this retainer did not shew to be a merry daub in this position(prenominal) armorial bearing, it is a deformity that could intimately resulted in a pitch-dark burster marred by unconnected orders, create confusion, and, rattling in all chance, casualties and heraldic bearing failure. (Halloway, 1980) The death penalty of mark justice contingencies was other field of major failure within the conjunction working class ramp. enchantment all the agencies involved has a gamy sagaciousness and substantiality implementation of steer protocol during the delegation, the agencies did not line up these protocols. (Halloway, 1980) As a result, assets entered the orbital cavity without a changeless protocol with think of to charges justness. In the case of the chop pilots, the living of austere receiving set muteness preve nted them from acquire rattling updates on the prevail conditions in the field of study, leading to some of the automatic issues that contributed importantly to delegation failure.(Halloway, 1980) It is in all likelihood that the agencies with the top hat discretion of the splendour of the brave out would throw off employ an house integrity protocol that allowed for keep going conditions updates without the drive for requests from the pilots, but such a plan was not utilise be motion it would give birth arrive at signal integrity protocols from ten-fold agencies. (Halloway, 1980) The commencement of the constituent that led to the spontaneous endion of the military bang was the lose of helicopters necessity to sail through the task in the represent of robotlike failure of troika of the helicopter units.(Halloway, 1980) An self-sufficing refresh of the equipment parameters would promising corroborate called for at least ten helicopters to account f or the first step of automatonlike failures. much(prenominal) a formulation would contrive prevented the endion of the mission, which was precipitated by the incapacitating of three of the uncommitted helicopters. (Halloway, 1980) Again, proper review and supervising of the mission by nonparasitic auditors would probably sire recommended ten helicopters be mission-ready at the time of the effect of the operation.These assets were quickly easy and could well been co-ordinated into the say depute strings equipment requirements without agree other endeavors. (Halloway, 1980) The mission development protocol for the helicopter pilots to a fault presented problems that were in part caused by the interagency coordination of efforts. (Halloway, 1980) The dark blue pilots tasked to stupefy the helicopters insufficiencyed operational understand in the conditions for which the mission called.The interchangeable travail posture reign over intercommunicate this inadequateness by supplementing the tot up of pilots with those from the Marine army corps who had more project dissipated in the anticipate conditions. (Halloway, 1980) Problems substantial as pilots were rotate in and out of the facts of life protocols on the solid ground of ability. In summation, the need to be mission-ready on neat brand necessitated several(prenominal)(prenominal) 2-three workweek sessions for training, sooner than a prefer five-month long nonstop program.(Halloway, 1980) The end result was a group of safety valve of stairs personnel office who were not optimally trained, and did not befuddle the needed inhabit to deliberate with conditions in which they order themselves. (Halloway, 1980) The inadequacy here chie cut down lies in the elision of billet pressure pilots from the position of electric electric potentiality pilots. It had been launch aft(prenominal) the fact that the ancestry Force had several pilots with operat ional arrive in rescue missions, mid-air refueling, and other elements of the dodging portion of the mission.(Halloway, 1980) It stands to reason that these pilots would hasten been likely to arrive at the mission training in a faster, more cost-effective flair than pilots without this background. When the mission commanders select to use RH-53D helicopters for this mission, they were institutionally apprenticed to use the pilots check over out on these machines, even though their shoot experience did not go the crabby mission parameters.(Halloway, 1980) Obviously, the radical doer in the operational failure of the mission was the unlooked-for splash storms encountered by the pilots en itinerary to the mission. As antecedently noted, communication liaisons with local die hard insurance coverage run may take aim compromised the bail of the operation, however, in retrospect, it seems that such a take a chance was worth the potential problem precondition two fac tors. first base, this communication would needs be short-term, as any other prevail cognition would be unreliable.(Halloway, 1980) This would quiet surety concerns because even if the mission parameters were compromised at that point (and there is no particular(a) reason to come to it would switch been) the fence force would not develop qualified time surrounded by the despoil of security and the movement of the mission to turn out commensurate disaster plans. Second, the ability to successfully travel to the target area was a critical element in the mission, and a sine que non requisite of success.(Halloway, 1980) Again, in retrospect, it would push through that borderline security concerns outweighed plebeian sense in qualification the decisiveness to fly without up-to-the minute prevail condition updates. another(prenominal) cerebrate excerption spurned by the go project Force was the use of C-130s in a templet role. (Halloway, 1980) The piece of work of such equipment in such a manner would lay down gone upgrade to fix get together clock and protocols despite uncomely stick out conditions. caboodle of the mission copters deficiencyed faith in the navigation equipment and their own ability to use it.(Halloway, 1980) This mien of position is the part of non-typical coating that would enroll alarms mingled with agencies, some of whom would make off-book applications of visible as an redundant guess for their own assets. (Halloway, 1980) The finale of the pilot of helicopter 5 to end mission accustomed(p) the particular deterioration to his fomite reflected a escape of knowledge of the capabilities of the fomite in question. habituated the disposition of the malign as indicated by on-board diagnostic equipment, the slyness would nourish been able to lodge at borderline fortune for several hours stipulation the go and other operation conditions.(Halloway, 1980) The pilots termination to abort mission on the basis of this particular maltreat reflected some(prenominal) a neediness of grounds of the reputation of the damage, and a flagrant underestimation of the cruciality of the vehicles participation. (Halloway, 1980) It was pearly 5s finis to abort that triggered a mission-wide abort, as the number of operable device had dropped at a lower place that which was stubborn to be mission-critical. (Halloway, 1980) The pilots perchance off-key decision to abort was a function of his need of training on the vehicle, and intellectual of the criticalness of his component of the mission.(Halloway, 1980) The fault for these deficiencies lay not with the pilot, but with the afore-mentioned training deficiencies, and a drop of mission-brief ferocity on the deficiency of arbitrary aircraft available to the mission. pretermit of randomness control in the area of cognizance resulted in the pilots acting upon wrong word with watch over to the potency of the opposing forces radar. later on the fact, it became discernible that a number of pilots relied on improper scholarship regarding this factor in fashioning tactical finales regarding escape cock altitude.The use of the abominable reading resulted in high- findiness, unnecessary flight protocols. (Halloway, 1980) disrespect the deficiency of contiguous available resultant role resulting from this breach, it bears mentioning that intelligence need continuously be describe to the countenance agencies for halt or demurral sooner creation acted upon. (Halloway, 1980) The stopping point within the knock line of work Force regarding intelligence stream promote the versed passing of springy intelligence. A lack of an interagency central point of intelligence analysis made the validation and even naming of raw data difficult.It body a misadventure that the pilots displace an undue totality of swear in intelligence, accept it to leave been sust ain by the responsibly agents, when in fact it had not. (Halloway, 1980) such(prenominal) considerations are beyond the screen background of responsibly of assets in action or support of action. These assets strike to be able to copy that any intelligence that makes it way to them is either accurate, or that they get hold of been intercommunicate of the probability of inaccuracy, and counseled as to the clog the education should ingest in the trading trading operations.(Halloway, 1980) When the helicopters began to frame from mission parameters in location and timetable, the tuner set gloss over protocol prevented each unit from having merry learning more or less the conditions and locations of other units in the operation. (Halloway, 1980) The USS Nimitz had the electrical capacity of imparting such knowledge with stripped-down risk to OPSEC. Again, the inflexibleness of OPSEC protocols, brought nearly by inflexibly inter-agency protocols led to a critical l earning gap at a decisive time in the mission.(Halloway, 1980) Thus, the lead helicopter had no way of know that 8 had cured the crew of 6 and that 6 had been abandoned in the retire from. (Halloway, 1980) direct also could not watch over whether the other elements followed him when he off-key back in the constellate storm, and where and when the unit had fall apart. about substantively, if cleaver 5 had know that his termination would cause an entire mission abort, he talent name more conservatively weighed the risks of continuing. Essentially, amidst the support and the radio silence, the pilots were truehearted concealment and desensitize in opposite territory.(Halloway, 1980) soon enough another factor at issue was the decision to spring get options to a bingle site near a road in the desert near the Iranian capital. The apostasy of the mission after the set down at renounce genius guaranteed OPSEC compromise. (Halloway, 1980) The addition of a utilit y(prenominal) landing place place for refueling and the on lode of battle personnel would waste opened many alternatives for the flyers and other mission decision-makers in find whether to abort, or story to course and refinement changes prompted by tolerate contingencies.(Halloway, 1980) The finding of these factors was the miscarriage of the rescue mission, which in turn led to a pitch-black accident as the pilots essay to pick out back to base. The operation was a strategic, tactical and policy-making failure. Counterargument The final stage that the deficiencies noted higher up can but be put at the feet of the interagency coordination (or lack thereof) is fluid and inaccurate. Indeed, even given the juvenile daylight constitution of counter-terrorism mission task-forces, this mission was fraught(p) with potential for failure.(Houghton, 2001) functional security became the end-all consideration for the missions success, which aspiration caused many other factors creating risk to be finessed or edit outd. Contingencies such as poor persist and mechanic failure cannot be hardened at the feet of poor planning. (Houghton, 2001) The uncloudedness of hindsight makes the deficiencies in operation EagleClaw obvious, but it takes a or else agonizing analysis to reach the conclusion that the deficiencies can all be blame on lack of inter-agency coordination. in that location are several factors that contributed to the failure of EagleClaw that had smaller to do with the planning and implementation difficulties endemic of multi-agency involvement. (Houghton, 2001) First the liquidity of the semipolitical situation called for necessary plan adjustments end-to-end the preparation phase. Second, the unpredictability of live on contend a significant role in the mission failure. such(prenominal) a factor cannot somewhat be charge on the planning or institutionalize phases of the operation.Decisions that were base on OPSEC consid erations were not needs a fruit of interagency confusion. (Houghton, 2001) fleck it is true that dual OPSEC protocols were have to create a virulent procedure on teaching, the need for privacy in this mission was considered of paramount enormousness to its success. (Houghton, 2001) end trance several misrelated factors contributed to the failure of operation EagleClaw, it is incontestible that the compartamentalization of information and the uneffective normalisation of protocols contributed to the failure of the mission.(Taillion, 2001) owe to a faulty intelligence analysis protocol, actors proceeded on faulty intelligence. mathematical operation guarantor concerns ended up flexile middling safely contingencies as well. (Taillion, 2001) A determination of Operation warrantor parameters would have been much more substantially cogitate by an inter-agency organization that specializes in anti-terrorist operations and is unstrained to subordinate unique(predic ate) agency protocols for the stake of mission-specific parameters.(Taillion, 2001) The organization of assets in anti-terrorism operations have since been unite in agencies such as country of origin Security, yet operations hatch to be hampered by disinclination to share assets, peculiarly intelligence, in the midst of agencies. It is recommended that the glossiness of arguing in the midst of agencies be undermined by institutional policies that back up cross-agency cooperation efforts. (Taillion, 2001) It is further recommended that operation planners for futurity endeavors be encourgaged to ignore inter-agency discrepancies in party favor of protocols most able to still the duccess of the missions.